Academy · Concepts

Know the bug before you hunt it

A short read on each class of vulnerability — what it is, how you approach it, how it gets fixed — with the labs that drill it one click away.

Broken access control / IDOR

Understanding Broken access control / IDOR

Reach an object that was never yours by changing the id that names it.

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Authentication bypass

Understanding Authentication bypass

Get past the login without the credential it is supposed to demand.

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Cross-site scripting (XSS)

Understanding Cross-site scripting

Get your script to run in another visitor's browser on this origin.

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Server-side request forgery (SSRF)

Understanding Server-side request forgery

Make the server fetch a URL of your choosing, from inside its network.

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SQL / command injection

Understanding SQL / command injection

Break out of a query or a shell command through unescaped input.

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Insecure deserialization

Understanding Insecure deserialization

Feed the server a serialized object it will trust and rebuild.

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CSRF

Understanding CSRF

Make a logged-in victim's browser send a state-changing request.

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Information disclosure

Understanding Information disclosure

Find the secret the application leaks without meaning to.

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Business logic flaw

Understanding Business logic flaw

Use the feature exactly as built, in an order it never anticipated.

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Cryptographic weakness

Understanding Cryptographic weakness

Break the guarantee a weak or misused primitive was meant to give.

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Race condition

Understanding Race condition

Slip through the window between a check and the action it guards.

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Subdomain takeover

Understanding Subdomain takeover

Claim a dangling DNS record that points at an unclaimed host.

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Remote code execution

Understanding Remote code execution

Turn a foothold into commands running on the server itself.

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Privilege escalation

Understanding Privilege escalation

Climb from the access you were given to access you were not.

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